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| − | '''FAVOURITISM, NEPOTISM AND CRONYISM''' – negative phenomena from the perspective of observing the principles of public service, but often underestimated and unnoticed. Favouritism is defined as a system of relations in which favourites have positions and influences, cronyism – as mutual support of people related by kinship, intimacy, common, not always honest, interests, and nepotism – as abuse of position by favouring, protecting people closely privately related with an official/politician, his/her relatives. The adverse effects of these phenomena can occur not only within public administration structures (example – financial costs related to decisions made by incompetent, but for example, related employees, or unfavourable and not optimal choices in public tenders), but also – as a result of social and economic impact – beyond it. High level of n. destroys citizens’ trust in public institutions. N. or c. collide with the principle of justice, which consolidates society and forms the basis of a democratic state. Justice in this sense relates to equality between citizens and equal treatment of citizens by public institutions [ [http://encyklopediaap.uw.edu.pl/index.php/Jolanta_Itrich-Drabarek/en J. Itrich-Drabarek] ]. | + | '''FAVOURITISM, NEPOTISM AND CRONYISM''' – negative phenomena from the perspective of observing the principles of public service, but often underestimated and unnoticed. '''Favouritism''' is defined as a system of relations in which favourites have positions and influences, '''cronyism''' – as mutual support of people related by kinship, intimacy, common, not always honest, interests, and '''nepotism''' – as abuse of position by favouring, protecting people closely privately related with an official/politician, his/her relatives. The adverse effects of these phenomena can occur not only within public administration structures (example – financial costs related to decisions made by incompetent, but for example, related employees, or unfavourable and not optimal choices in public tenders), but also – as a result of social and economic impact – beyond it. High level of n. destroys citizens’ trust in public institutions. N. or c. collide with the principle of justice, which consolidates society and forms the basis of a democratic state. Justice in this sense relates to equality between citizens and equal treatment of citizens by public institutions [ [http://encyklopediaap.uw.edu.pl/index.php/Jolanta_Itrich-Drabarek/en J. Itrich-Drabarek] ]. |
Aktualna wersja na dzień 19:29, 16 maj 2018
FAVOURITISM, NEPOTISM AND CRONYISM – negative phenomena from the perspective of observing the principles of public service, but often underestimated and unnoticed. Favouritism is defined as a system of relations in which favourites have positions and influences, cronyism – as mutual support of people related by kinship, intimacy, common, not always honest, interests, and nepotism – as abuse of position by favouring, protecting people closely privately related with an official/politician, his/her relatives. The adverse effects of these phenomena can occur not only within public administration structures (example – financial costs related to decisions made by incompetent, but for example, related employees, or unfavourable and not optimal choices in public tenders), but also – as a result of social and economic impact – beyond it. High level of n. destroys citizens’ trust in public institutions. N. or c. collide with the principle of justice, which consolidates society and forms the basis of a democratic state. Justice in this sense relates to equality between citizens and equal treatment of citizens by public institutions [ J. Itrich-Drabarek ].