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| − | ''' | + | '''URBAN POLICY''' – a set of activities and measures aimed at achieving a specific, defined goal, which is concurrent with the expectations of the local/urban community and serves the development of this community. U.p. is implemented at the policy level, not politics. The main goal of urban policy is sustainable development of the local community, achieved through specific policies: communal housing, social, transport and communication, educational, cultural, health and security policy. Depending on the size of the local-government unit, its independence, financial condition and the provisions of the state law, u.p. is initiated from bottom-up or top-down. Bottom-up u.p. is independent and individualized through cooperation of urban movements with the local government, top-down u.p. is initiated by a higher-level authority and is the implementation of the overall strategy of the state. The existence of a bottom-up initiative is a premise for a well-developed local deliberative environment (→ [http://encyklopediaap.uw.edu.pl/index.php/Demokracja_deliberatywna deliberative democracy], [http://encyklopediaap.uw.edu.pl/index.php/Współrządzenie_lokalne local co-governance]) [ [http://encyklopediaap.uw.edu.pl/index.php/Bartłomiej_Celejewski/en B. Celejewski] ]. |
'''Literatura''': OECD, ''OECD Urban Policy Reviews: Poland 2011'', [b.m.w.] 2011 ■ P. Galès, ''Urban Policy'', [w:] ''International Encyclopedia of Social and Behavioral Sciences'', red. J.D. Wright, 2nd ed., Oxford, UK 2015. | '''Literatura''': OECD, ''OECD Urban Policy Reviews: Poland 2011'', [b.m.w.] 2011 ■ P. Galès, ''Urban Policy'', [w:] ''International Encyclopedia of Social and Behavioral Sciences'', red. J.D. Wright, 2nd ed., Oxford, UK 2015. | ||
Wersja z 17:01, 24 maj 2018
URBAN POLICY – a set of activities and measures aimed at achieving a specific, defined goal, which is concurrent with the expectations of the local/urban community and serves the development of this community. U.p. is implemented at the policy level, not politics. The main goal of urban policy is sustainable development of the local community, achieved through specific policies: communal housing, social, transport and communication, educational, cultural, health and security policy. Depending on the size of the local-government unit, its independence, financial condition and the provisions of the state law, u.p. is initiated from bottom-up or top-down. Bottom-up u.p. is independent and individualized through cooperation of urban movements with the local government, top-down u.p. is initiated by a higher-level authority and is the implementation of the overall strategy of the state. The existence of a bottom-up initiative is a premise for a well-developed local deliberative environment (→ deliberative democracy, local co-governance) [ B. Celejewski ].
Literatura: OECD, OECD Urban Policy Reviews: Poland 2011, [b.m.w.] 2011 ■ P. Galès, Urban Policy, [w:] International Encyclopedia of Social and Behavioral Sciences, red. J.D. Wright, 2nd ed., Oxford, UK 2015.